ALIGNING CRYPTOCURRENCIES WITH ISLAMIC LAW: CHALLENGES, ETHICAL CONCERNS, AND REGULATORY SOLUTIONS

Authors

  • Nova Mentari Putri Rahmadani Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
  • Fajar Fajar Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20414/ijhi.v23i2.887

Keywords:

Cryptocurrency transaction, Islamic law, Sharia compliance

Abstract

Cryptocurrencies, underpinned by blockchain technology, present significant challenges to Islamic law due to their volatile nature, speculative tendencies, and lack of intrinsic value, which introduce elements of gharar (uncertainty) and maysir (gambling), both prohibited under Sharia. Additionally, cryptocurrencies' decentralized and pseudonymous nature has raised concerns about their potential misuse in money laundering and other criminal activities, further complicating their alignment with Islamic principles. The research emphasizes the need for a multi-faceted regulatory approach, incorporating Sharia advisory boards, asset-backed cryptocurrencies, and advanced RegTech solutions such as blockchain analytics and E-KYC protocols. By fostering collaboration among scholars, regulators, and financial experts, this study aims to bridge the gap between innovative financial technologies and Islamic law, promoting ethical growth and stability in the cryptocurrency market.

References

Abadi, K., Ahmad Taufiq, & Rizka Roikhana. (2023). Cryptocurrency and Crypto Assets in the Perspective of Islamic Legal System Philosophy. Hikmatuna : Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, 9(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v9i2.1216

Abdillah, H. (2023). Hukum Cryptocurrency sebagai Mata Uang dan sebagai Komoditas (Analisis Fatwa MUI tentang Hukum Cryptocurrency). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 9(3), 4245. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i3.10269

Al-Tawil, T. N. (2023). Anti-money laundering regulation of cryptocurrency: UAE and global approaches. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 26(6), 1150–1164. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-07-2022-0109

Albrecht, C., Duffin, K. M., Hawkins, S., & Morales Rocha, V. M. (2019). The use of cryptocurrencies in the money laundering process. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 22(2), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-12-2017-0074

Aliyu, A., Abu Bakar, K., Matsuda, G., Darwish, T., Abdullah, A. H., Ismail, A. S., Raja Mohd Radzi, R. Z., Yusof, A. F., Mohamad, M. M., Idris, M. Y., Ismail, Z., Yaacob, A. C., & Herman, H. (2020). Review of Some Existing Shariah-Compliant Cryptocurrency. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies, 6(1), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.24191/jcis.v6i1.2

Almadadha, R. (2024). Blockchain Technology in Financial Accounting: Enhancing Transparency, Security, and ESG Reporting. Blockchains, 2(3), 312–333. https://doi.org/10.3390/blockchains2030015

Anggriani, L., & Maulana, D. G. (2024). Cryptocurrency Transactions in the Perspective of Islamic Economic Law. 4(August), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25273/ay

Asyiqin, I. Z., Akbar, M. F., & Beltrán Genovés, M. (2024). Cryptocurrency as a Medium of Rupiah Exchange: Perspective Sharia Islamic Law and Jurisprudential Analysis. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 7(2), 277–292. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v7i2.10975

Atiyah, G. A., Manap, N. A., Ibrahim, A. I., & Rahman, A. (2024). Legitimacy of Smart Contracts from the Perspective of Islamic Law: A Case Study of Blockchain Transactions. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(1), 155–192. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v9i1.8726

Birjaman, M. I., Marits, S. A., & Herman, S. (2024). Cryptocurrency in Islamic View: Sentiment Analysis Method Approach. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 12(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v12i1.2341

Conlon, T., Corbet, S., & Oxley, L. (2024). The influence of European MiCa regulation on cryptocurrencies. Global Finance Journal, 63, 101040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2024.101040

Dar al-Ifta’ al-Mishriyyah. (2017). Fatwa on the Prohibition of Trading in Bitcoin. https://www.dar-alifta.org/ar/fatawa/14139/تداول-عملة-البيتكوين-والتعامل-بها

Ekawati, D. (2024). Analisis Virtual Cryptocurrency Sebagai Alat Transaksi Di Indonesia. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(3), 110–116. https://gudangjurnal.com/index.php/gjmi/article/view/395

Fajar. (2019). Metode Ijtihad Ali Jum’ah (1951-2018) dalam Masalah-Masalah Mu’amalat Maliyyah Mu’asirah.

Fajaruddin, A., Azizy, D. F., Parojai, M. R. P., Husni, I. S., & Tambusai, M. K. (2023). THE CONCEPT OF CRYPTOCURRENCY IN ISLAM. FINANSIA : Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 6(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.32332/finansia.v6i1.6524

Fatarib, H., & Meirison. (2020). CRYPTOCURRENCY AND DIGITAL MONEY IN ISLAMIC LAW: Is it Legal? Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syariah, 11(2), 237–261. https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v11i2.8687

Ghozi, A. (2022). the Urgency of Electronic Know Your Customer (E-Kyc): How Electronic Customer Identification Works To Prevent Money Laundering in the Fintech Industry. Diponegoro Law Review, 7(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.7.1.2022.34-52

Giudici, G., Milne, A., & Vinogradov, D. (2020). Cryptocurrencies: market analysis and perspectives. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 47(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-019-00138-6

Hardiyanti, I. S., Ahmad Agus Hidayat, Novita, S. A., & Sajiyo, S. (2024). Analysis of the Dsn Mui Fatwa on Sharia Electronic Money From the Perspective of Qiyas (a Study on Linkaja Syariah Application). Istinbath, 23(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.20414/ijhi.v23i1.644

Hidayat, A. S. (2023). Sharia and State’s Intervention: Uncertainty Cryptocurrency in Indonesia. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 23(1), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v23i1.31876

Hidayati, T., Hidayatullah, M. S., Komarudin, P., & Atika, A. (2023). Digitalization of Islamic Finance: Epistemological Study of the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama’s Fatwa. Al-Ahkam, 33(2), 255–278. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2023.33.2.17324

Idrus, A. M. (2021). Kebijakan Pemimpin Negara Dalam Perspektif Kaidah Fikih : Tasarruf Al-Imam Manutun Bil Maslahah. Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan, 1(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v1i1.26278

Katadata. (2024). Nilai transaksi aset kripto capai Rp49,82 triliun pada Mei 2024. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/pasar/statistik/090c48b33ee0e37/nilai-transaksi-aset-kripto-capai-rp4982-triliun-pada-mei-2024

Katterbauer, K., Syed, H., Cleenewerck, L., & Genc, S. (2022). Sharia Compliance of Cryptocurrencies: Data-Driven Sharia Compliance Assessment. Talaa : Journal of Islamic Finance, 2(2), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.54045/talaa.v2i2.691

Khan, R., & Hakami, T. A. (2022). Cryptocurrency: usability perspective versus volatility threat. Journal of Money and Business, 2(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmb-11-2021-0051

Kharisma Fatmalina Fajri, & Dekar Urumsah. (2023). Prevention Of Crypto-Laundering Through Regulatory Technology (Regtech): A Guideline Framework For Evaluation Studies In Indonesia. Conference on Economic and Business Innovation (CEBI), 3(1), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.31328/cebi.v3i1.317

Koni, A. S. (2023). Review Of Cryptocurrency Based On Sharia Economic Law. Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v22i2.2540

Mulyani, S., Mariyam, S., & Le, H. H. T. (2023). Legal Construction of Crypto Assets as Objects of Fiduciary Collateral. Law Reform: Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum, 19(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v19i1.52697

Nasik, K., & Musadad, A. (2024). Maqashid Syari’ah and Its Role in Economic Development and Sharia Economic Law in Indonesia. Proceeding 2nd International Conference on Law, Economy, Social and Sharia 2024, 2, 691–711.

Navamani, T. M. (2021). A Review on Cryptocurrencies Security. Journal of Applied Security Research, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2021.1933322

Nicknora, A. T. (2024). Anti-Money Laundering Compliance and Financial Performance of Selected Commercial Banks in South Sudan: A Survey of Literature on Customer Due Diligence. Journal of Financial Risk Management, 13(02), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.4236/jfrm.2024.132012

Noor, A., Arifin, M., Parama, D., & Astuti, W. (2023). Crypto Assets and Regulation: Taxonomy and Framework Regulatory of Crypto Assets in Indonesia. Journal of Etika Demokrasi, 8(3), 303–315. https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v

Nugroho, B. A. (2023). the Stability of Islamic Cryptocurrencies and Copula-Based Dependence With Alternative Crypto and Fiat Currencies. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 15(2), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v15i2.543

Othman, R., Noordin, M. F., Ahmed, M., Ahmad, N., & Kassim, S. (2023). Muslim Scholars and Experts Views on Cryptocurrencies: A Systematic Literature Review. Sains Insani, 8(1), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol8no1.455

Parsih, F., & Roikhan, R. (2024). INVESTING IN SYSTEMS DIGITAL FINANCE IN PERSPECTIVES ON ISLAMIC LAW STUDIES CASE: SYSTEM ONLINE LOANS. Istinbath, 23(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.20414/ijhi.v23i1.747

Rosele, M. I., Muneem, A., Che Seman, A. Bin, Abdullah, L. B. H., Binti Abdul Rahman, N. N., Sukor, M. E. B. A., & Ali, A. K. Bin. (2022). The Concept of Wealth (māl) in the Sharīʿah and Its Relation to Digital Assets. SAGE Open, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221102424

Sandie, B., & Wibowo, S. (2022). Pengaruh Legalitas Cryptocurrency , Praktik Money Laundering dan Tax Avoidance Terhadap Transaksi Cryptocurrency ( Studi Pengguna Crypto ) Effect of Cryptocurrency Legality , Money Laundering and Tax Avoidance Practices on Cryptocurrency Transactions ( Cr. Global Accounting : Jurnal Akuntansi, 3.

Shariyah Review Bureau. (2024). Aleph Zero and Shariyah Review Bureau Collaborate to Bring Sharia-Compliant Blockchain to the GCC. https://shariyah.net/aleph-zero-and-shariyah-review-bureau-collaborate-to-bring-sharia-compliant-blockchain/

Sucitrawan, I. N., Amrullah, M. A., & Tanuwijaya, F. (2024). Money Laundering Criminal Liability Through Crypto Asset Exchange in Indonesia. 1(3), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijlcj.v1i3.190

Tauda, G. A., Omara, A., & Arnone, G. (2023). Cryptocurrency: Highlighting the Approach, Regulations, and Protection in Indonesia and The European Union. Bestuur, 11(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i1.67125

Tsuchiya, T. (2021). Profitability of Cryptocurrency Pump and Dump Schemes. Digital Finance, 3(2), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42521-021-00034-6

Watung, P. (2019). Kajian Yuridis Mengenai Keberadaan Bitcoin dalam Lingkup Transaksi di Indonesia Ditinjau Dari UU No. 7 Tahun 2011 Tentang Mata Uang. Lex Et Societatis, 7(10), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.35796/les.v7i10.27051

Widyatmoko, U., Atmasasmita, R., F Susanto, A., & Heru Purwanto, B. (2024). Law Enforcement Against Cryptocurrency Abuse. Journal of Social Research, 3(2), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v3i2.1941

Wiwoho, J., Trinugroho, I., Kharisma, D. B., & Suwadi, P. (2024). Islamic crypto assets and regulatory framework: evidence from Indonesia and global approaches. International Journal of Law and Management, 66(2), 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2023-0051

Downloads

Published

2024-12-16

Issue

Section

Articles