EFEKTIVITAS MAQÂSHID AL-SyARÌ’AH DALAM ISTINBÂTH FIQH MINORITAS; TELAAH ATAS PEMIKIRAN YÛSUF AL-QARDHÂWÌ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20414/ijhi.v15i1.135Abstract
Tulisan ini menelaah konsep metodologi istinbath fiqh minoritas yang diformulasikan oleh yûsuf al-Qardhâwi. Sebagai pemikir islam kontemporer, ia merekontruksi pola istinbath hukum islam (fiqh) untuk direlevansikan dan dikontekstualkan dengan tuntutan situasi dan kondisi kekinian yang melingkupinya. Konsep dasar maqâshid al-syari’ah ulama’ klasik dan yang telah dikembangkan ulama’ kontemporer sebagai pendekatan studi ini. Menurutnya, keberadaan minoritas muslim sangat membutuhkan fiqh khas yang bisa mencover kebutuhan mereka, baik yang bersifat dharûriyât (primer), hâjiyât (sekunder) dan tahsiniyyât (tersier). Karena itu, yûsuf al-Qardhâwi menetapkan Sembilan prinsip metodologi istinbath fiqh minoritas dengan tetap berpijak pada dasar-dasar syari’at islam. Fiqh minoritas adalah fiqh yang berbasis pada terwujudnya kemashlahatan yang menjadi tujuan utama maqâshid al-syari’ah dengan metode yang fleksibel dan elastis. Sehingga, produk hukum islam yang dilahirkan dari metode ini memuat kemashlahatan dan mendatangkan kemudahan untuk diimplementasikan masyarakat minoritas muslim dalam menjalaninya.
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2019-09-07
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